Insights

BHP Group’s decision to wind down its Mount Arthur coal mine rather than sell to a private buyer will shorten the mine’s operating lifespan and reduce overall expected carbon emissions. It underlines how a strategy of running down coal mines beats divestment for real-world carbon impact.

Originally published in July 2022
Written by Matthew Jennings, Investment Director for Sustainable Investing

“Would that it were so simple,” spits an increasingly exasperated Ralph Fiennes in the Coen Brothers’ film Hail Caesar. And many companies trying to improve their sustainability might be forgiven, at times, for feeling the same way. Even seemingly straightforward ESG decisions can be fraught with unforeseen or unintended consequences. 

The fate of a coal mine in Australia is a good example. It’s owned by BHP Group, the world’s largest mining company, which had signalled it would sell off the Mount Arthur thermal coal mine as part of its program of decarbonization. It has reversed that decision and will extend its licence to operate from 2026 to 2030, thereby extracting huge volumes of coal. So why do we applaud the decision?

Divestment is not the answer.

Some miners, including BHP, have sold out of their coal assets in response to pressure from advocacy groups and some shareholders. While selling a mine can reduce an individual company’s value chain emissions, it does not guarantee a positive impact in the real world. Around $60 billion of fossil fuel assets have been sold to private buyers in the last two years alone. These facilities continue to operate, but usually with less transparency and weaker controls around environmental and social impacts than those in public markets. Instead, our preference is for companies to commit to responsible asset run-downs, rather than divestment, with clear timelines for closure and with funds committed to support a just transition. 

That is what BHP Group intends at Mount Arthur, winding down the mine to closure in 2030, far sooner than if it had been sold on to a private operator, which would have run well into the 2040s - beyond the International Energy Authority’s recommended 2030 closure of ‘unabated’ OECD coal power. The temporary boost to BHP’s carbon tally will, in fact, cut real-world emissions over the long term. 

Sustainability extends beyond environmental concerns, of course. Coal mining plays a major role in the economy of the Hunter Valley. The Mount Arthur mine supports 2,000 jobs and a further 16,000 people are directly employed by the coal industry across the region. BHP says it will invest around US$700 million to support employees as mining ends, and to rehabilitate the site. This plan is aligned with our commitment to a just transition, providing security and clarity to communities affected by the closure. 

Paul Taylor, a Fidelity portfolio manager, has had close engagement with BHP over many years and has discussed the complexity around the Hunter Valley decision. “Of all the options around Mount Arthur,” he says, “BHP’s proposal is the best, most sensible, to deliver a just transition.”

Engaging to support transition

We continue to have dialogue with managers at BHP on how they intend to manage risks around decarbonization at Mount Arthur and far beyond. As the world’s largest listed mining group, it has a major role to play, not least because some of the materials the company extracts, such as copper, will play an important role in the green transition. 

We are also engaging not only with other miners, but right across the coal value chain to encourage real-world decarbonization, encompassing utilities and even intermediaries like transport operators. As with BHP, we encourage them to commit to their part in an orderly phase-out of unabated capacity, and that companies should identify and encourage best practices with respect to a just transition. A strategy of active engagement helps us, as investors, monitor the development of these transition plans and hold companies to account on their progress.

Selling or suddenly shutting coal mines can flatter owners’ emissions but puts the assets out of the reach of these engagement principles. Would that it were so simple, you might say.

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