Global trends, Canadian reality: The future of plan design
Stéphanie Mariamo sits down with Jason Jagatic, Head of Workplace Research and Global Thought Leadership at Fidelity Investments, to discuss the trends shaping the future of retirement plan design. Drawing on research into the behaviours and experiences of workers and employers, Jason shares practical insights on what may be applicable for Canadian plan sponsors.
Read the video transcript
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Hi everyone, and welcome. Today we're diving into what's shaping the future of
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retirement plan design and, more importantly, what we can learn from other
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markets to apply here in Canada.
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I'm joined by Jason Jagatic who leads the Fidelity Investment Workplace
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Research and Thought Leadership in the US.
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His team studies trends of workers and employers around the world
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but has a deep focus on the US market where Fidelity services over 30
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million members and 30,000 employers.
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This industry leading dataset gives Jason and his team unique
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insights into what people are actually doing when it comes to retirement
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savings and many of the lessons are directly applicable to Canada.
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As an added bonus, Jason himself is a Canadian so he has firsthand
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experience with our retirement system.
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Jason, delighted to have you here with us.
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Before we jump in tell us a bit about your work and focus areas.
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Thanks, Stéphanie, thanks for having me.
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It's nice to be home.
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What I do is, as you mentioned, I lead our Strategic Research
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and Thought Leadership team in the workplace business where we're looking at
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broad trends that are impacting the workforce, both from an
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employer and an employee standpoint.
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We have this really talented team
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of experts in a number of key topics, behavioural scientists,
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additional researchers. Really, we take their expertise to take
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a look at that data set that you mentioned and we also conduct additional
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primary research to understand what people are doing,
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why they're doing it, what that could mean for others, and
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to share that information to them.
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What I mean by others there, we'll then take those insights and share them with
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employers, consultants, advisors, policymakers,
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and many others to share the story and to give that broad representation
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of what we're seeing.
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This year we've packaged a number of those key findings into a document that
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we call the Workplace Outlook Report that really focuses on 11 of the big
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trends that we're seeing.
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Quite impressive. Can we say a bit more about that?
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Is the focus on plan design for employers?
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Exactly.
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The focus is on plan design and that's very intentional.
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Over the past few years we've seen the employers shift in terms
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of where they're focusing.
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If you go back to before the pandemic and during the pandemic we
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saw this period of employers really being aggressive in offering additional
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benefits, additional capabilities.
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It's not just about retirement or health care or emergency savings, there's
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a big focus on things like mental health and other benefits as well.
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There's real strong push into a number of key areas.
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What we've seen over the last couple of years is that employers are really
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starting to take a look and focus on the benefits that matter most that are
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driving the most significant outcomes for their workforce.
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More specifically, we're seeing in some cases what we call a back to the
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basics, where people are going back to their core retirement plan
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to look at the fundamentals and to understand what's really working, what's
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impactful, are there opportunities for efficiencies to streamline the
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employee experience and to really focus on what matters.
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So 11 trends in total, not all of which are applicable to Canada, we'll
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focus on the ones that actually matter for us.
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Let's level set, what is this report really about and why should
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Canadian plan sponsors care about this?
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What the report is about is really what's happening
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in the marketplace overall. I think the reason that Canadian plan
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sponsors should care about this is because it's really a great
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test bed. One of the things when you take a look at the
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US marketplace, it's a very large market, it's much more DC dominant, and
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employers have a lot more flexibility and influence over
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their plan design. That gives you a very
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large framework to see different strategies
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and tactics in action so that you can take a look to see what actually matters
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and what matters most overall.
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I think that's where some of the core opportunities are for the
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Canadian market is to see what's working, what's not, what are some of those
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core principles and can we apply them here?
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Let's start with our first theme.
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One of the biggest ones is, essentially, the power of auto features and
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behavioural science. What can you tell us about that?
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That's a great point. The number one thing, and one of the things that we've
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seen in the US market, is really the benefit of both auto enrollment and
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auto increase programs.
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Just to level set on those, for those that may not be as familiar with them,
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when we talk about auto enrollment that is for someone who is new
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to an employer they will automatically be enrolled into a defined
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contribution plan.
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Then they have the option of opting out of that.
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It's up to them. They're not forced to stay in that plan but the default is
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to get them into that program.
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An auto escalation or auto increase program, similar in concept but
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what it does is every year, typically, it ratchets someone up by a small
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increment. The purpose there is to really get
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them to a target level over time so they don't feel the
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impact to their lifestyle and they can absorb those changes over
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a greater time set.
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Those two concepts have proven to be very successful in the US
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marketplace. To the point when we take
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a look at what that means to employees overall from our data set we see that
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the average American on our platform is saving 14.2%.
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That 14.2% is a combination of both employer
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and employee contribution. Two-thirds of that is the employee and
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then the employer's often matching that.
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That's what we're seeing after a generation of having some of these
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capabilities in the marketplace, people have ratcheted up to those target
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levels over time. That's been a very effective part of the strategy.
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I think that one's also interesting just with some of the recent changes in
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B.C., specifically. I imagine that we'll
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continue to see more activity in that market and in other markets with regards
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to auto enrollment.
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I'd say the other plug around why those programs are good is
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nothing can replace time in market.
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If you have a new employee, they're often overwhelmed.
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They've got a number of things going on in their lives, the last thing
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they might be thinking about as a 22-year-old new to the workforce employee
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is have they set their retirement savings rates.
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By defaulting them into a plan, by the time they get around
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to really starting to think about their retirement and to think about the needs
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they will have benefited from oftentimes many years in the marketplace which is
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just really powerful.
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Absolutely. Given that, and I'm going to say, unfortunately, Canada doesn't
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broadly mandate
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auto enrollment as well but auto escalation more so, what can plan sponsors
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do in that case?
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There's a lot that plan sponsors can do in that space.
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This is an area that our team has recently been doing some additional studying
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on as well.
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First off, I think the first step here is to really set a strong default
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contribution rate.
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The more that you can get people started from a strong base
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that can be really powerful as a starting point.
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Also, you'll want to think about what the appropriate investment
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option is for them and if you're using a default investment option.
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In the US about 95%
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of employees default into a target date fund.
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That's a solution that works for many because
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its asset allocation adjusts over time and it matches the risk profile as
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the individual changes over time. It's something that you ...
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it's a set it and forget it type of solution is the language that we often use.
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That's sort of a core building block there.
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The other piece, and this is what some of our behavioural scientists have
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uncovered, it's about simplifying the match structure.
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Matching your employees' contributions can be very powerful.
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Who doesn't like free money, right?
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What we've seen is in some cases employers will say, I'll
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match you dollar for dollar or up to 3%.
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Others might say, I'll match you 50 cents on the dollar up to 6% as an
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example. The goal there, the reason some employers go with that second
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option is because they're hoping to push their employees
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to save more and get them to aspire to the next level.
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What our data actually shows is if you just go for the simple dollar for dollar
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target level, those that have gone with that approach we see higher
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participation and contribution rates from the employees because it's
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a simplified approach. That's
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sort of the core offering.
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Just coming back to that escalation piece, again, that's really powerful.
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Trying to talk to an employee to say you have to go up to 10% or 15%
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or whatever the target, that can be a lot for someone to absorb in a specific
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year. But if you start them out at 5% and then next year they're at 6
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and then 7, they often can't feel that in their day-to-day
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lifestyle but they will get that benefit longer term.
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Those are some of the core building blocks.
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Probably the most important or key part of this is communicate,
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communicate, communicate.
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What I mean by that, again, many employees don't understand the space,
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they're often intimidated by the space, they don't understand everything that
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you're providing to them as an employer, so it's really important
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that you spend time to make sure that they're aware of what you're offering
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them and that they know how to take full advantage of it.
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That will help drive adoption and
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drive the success of your program for your business as well.
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So power of inertia and power of auto escalation, I would say.
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Yes.
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Let's move on to financial resilience.
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Can we talk about day-to-day expenses and emergency savings?
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Yes, please.
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Great topic. I think this is a real area of focus.
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I speak to employers regularly and this is a topic that
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people are very focused on.
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I'd also say societally what we're seeing is a generation ago it was a lot
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easier to talk to people about a retirement 20, 30, 40 years into the future.
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Now people are really focused on their near term needs, their near term
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expenses. There's a real focus on the
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overall financial well being there.
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One of the things that I think is interesting in this space, just learning from
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the US system, there's been new legislation that passed
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last year called Secure 2.0, or passed a couple of years ago, sorry,
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it was just being implemented last year.
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It's a really interesting bit of legislation from my perspective because, to
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me, it's an example of the government being
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very innovative.
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What I mean by that is there are a few provisions in there that are targeted
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towards the financial wellness and financial well being of workers,
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very specifically.
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A couple that I find interesting are the ability that now employers
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can match contributions to emergency savings, or match
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contributions to student debt.
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What that means, in the US it's not uncommon for a worker
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who's starting out, or even someone who's well in their career, to have
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a large amount of student debt. People often have it for their grandkids and
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their kids as well. They can have massive amounts of student debt or
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they may not have enough just for emergency savings and liquidity which,
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to employers, creates a real risk. If your car breaks down and you can't
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afford to fix your ca you can't come to work.
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Employers were struggling with both of those concepts
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and what was happening is employees were choosing to pay their
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near term bills instead of saving for retirement.
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That was leading to a double whammy because they were not saving for
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retirement and they weren't getting the match.
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They were losing out twice.
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What some of these changes do is it incents the worker
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to still pay for their emergency savings or their student debt but then
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the employer can match those contributions to those items to
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a retirement account. They don't lose out on both of
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those elements and it's a great way of engaging someone in topics that are most
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pressing to them.
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The reason I go to that example is I just think that's a a great way of
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thinking about the problem a little differently. We know that society
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is much more near term, short term focused and now we alter
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some of our systems to get people engaged even earlier.
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I'd say that's sort of one of the key
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things that we see there.
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The other thing, though, that we've seen is the Secure 2.0
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has introduced some more access opportunities
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to make it easier for them to tap into their retirement savings.
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This is still one, candidly, that we're watching very closely.
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One of the things now is people can more self-certify
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and take withdrawals much easier from their retirement accounts.
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What we've seen is two things.
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One is we've seen a growth in the number of withdrawals that are happening from
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these accounts, which is concerning to employers, but the average transaction
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size is down dramatically.
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It's more that people are taking more frequent small amounts.
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The reason I bring this example up is this really sort of highlights the need
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for liquidity on the part of workers, and that's why the legislation
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is also pushing emergency savings accounts more because we know
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if you do not have sufficient emergency savings you're five times
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more likely to make that withdrawal from your retirement account.
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The point here is the legislation and some of the changes that we're seeing is
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really about expanding the view to tackle the problem more holistically.
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I think it's very reassuring because I know a lot of plan sponsors here in
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Canada are thinking about potentially introducing flexibility in their design
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but are concerned, in fact, to your point regarding withdrawals and the amount
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of those withdrawals.
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Exactly.
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So early days but nonetheless it is still a departure from the typical
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traditional pension plan but we do also need to meet probably the
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younger generations where they're at in terms of their needs.
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Exactly. That's one of the takeaways.
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While it is often started with the younger generations, all generations
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are facing this issue so it is a broad issue.
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What can we do if we're a plan sponsor here in Canada, we don't
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have access to those features.
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You do have access to a number of other tools as well.
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I think there's some exciting ones there.
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I think taking advantage of some of the tax advantaged accounts here,
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whether it's a TFSA or an FHSA,
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those are, I think, really important tools overall.
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The wellness and flexible spending programs that you can provide
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to your employees can really help encourage some of the right types of
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behaviours and help them with some of their key needs.
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It also signals to your employees that you care about them when you focus on
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things like wellness. That's something that our data has also shown.
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I talked earlier about communicate, communicate, communicate.
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A big part of that is education, educating them about the
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importance of emergency savings, how much they should have,
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and where possible, helping them to think about having that liquidity
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outside of their retirement plan.
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You don't want to create behaviours where they're always looking to
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tap their retirement resources, that they're budgeting elsewhere.
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Excellent. So auto features, financial resilience, let's
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shift to another area of the report which is investment menus and target date
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funds.
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This is such a great area.
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When it comes to investments and target date funds we're seeing a
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number of trends here.
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we may be at an inflection point.
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What I mean by that is what we've seen over the last 10 years, if we look at
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our data from 2015 to 2025 is when we cut the data, we
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saw that plan sponsors of all sizes, whether you're a small plan
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sponsor or one with over 5 billion in assets, overall the number
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of funds in their plan lineup has been shrinking.
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That's for a whole host of reasons, simplifying
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an overwhelming plan lineup, looking for economies of scale or efficiencies
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or other factors, but we've seen that trend and that is what the data
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shows. However, some additional research that we've done
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when we're surveying a number of plan sponsors are indicating that many of them
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are looking to actually just start increasing the number of funds in their
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lineup.
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That one had us puzzled for a moment because it was
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anti to what we're seeing in the data.
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When you look at that a little deeper, what that was really showing us is that
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... and when we spoke to some of them, many of these plan sponsors are
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often looking to increase because one, they are
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looking to provide more personalization capabilities in their platform, whether
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to support a managed account or more diverse workforces, so
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giving different building blocks to support different workers'
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needs and adding some funds there selectively can
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help. Two, there are some topics that
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a number of plan sponsors felt that they were underrepresented in, like
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inflation. That's been such a hot topic over the last few years that many
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employers have been looking to provide more on
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that front.
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I'd say that's sort of one of the macro themes that we saw when it comes to
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overall plan lineups. We're also seeing a strong focus on
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retirement income, as well, part of that is they're looking at their overall
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plan lineups and looking towards options of maybe providing more guarantees
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to workers. We're still seeing a number of solutions in that place, no
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specific clear winner there.
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I would say that we're noticing the same thing here in Canada, where there is a
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focus, especially for target date funds, on rethinking the default
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option. Where, historically, plan sponsors were focused on performance
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and fees, particularly with the revised CAPSA guidelines, what we're seeing is
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a focus on the actual design of the glide path.
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Things like how does it align with how Canadians are actually retiring, or
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exiting the plan if they're not retiring from the plan, risk management, how
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perceived versus true diversification can lead to meaningfully
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different returns, essentially.
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I would say, finally, there is a focus on outcomes.
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We're hearing more about outcomes.
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How does the shape of the glide path lead to different outcomes, and
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how is your target date fund manager potentially increasing the probability
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of retirement success?
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That's, I think, a key theme that cuts across so many things,
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outcomes from an investment standpoint maybe more clear cut in some ways.
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I think I touched on it a little bit earlier as well, outcomes of your broader
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benefits and your retirement savings, everyone is looking at what
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actually matters so that they can focus their resources and their offering
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on the things that are most needed.
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Absolutely. I think you have a pretty good catch phrase, I like to call it this
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way, defaults drives outcomes. Default investments really matter.
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Maybe one more quick one, and you mentioned it, in-plan retirement income
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solutions are actually gaining some sort of interest, not
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across the board.
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What are you seeing in your part of the world that is sort
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of evolving in that direction?
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I'd say we're seeing a few things.
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Overall, massive amounts of interest from employers
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that are looking to offer these solutions.
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I think they're recognizing as their workforce ages and more ...
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we often see more employees staying
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in the plan, particularly in the first couple of years after separation, so
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employers are looking for more options to support those employees in
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that phase of their life.
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We're seeing strong adoption numbers overall of
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different solutions by employers, or at least conversations about adopting
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them. Now we're moving into the phase to see are we gonna have that
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same level of participant adoption, are people ready to sign up
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and to implement some of these solutions?
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Overall, a lot of different opportunities, a lot of interest, employers are
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starting to take action but it takes some time then to fully get all the
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employees and participants into the system.
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I would say even more so in Canada.
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There's so much that comes into play in terms of how our industry is built,
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still a lot of development for sure.
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Let's make this practical.
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If you're a Canadian plan sponsor watching this what are the takeaways from our
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conversation today?
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The number one thing is you wanna make sure that you're designing for the
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behaviour that you are looking for.
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We touched on this a little bit
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but employees and the workers that you're looking to target are overwhelmed.
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Everyone is distracted these days.
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Everyone is facing a lot of decisions and a lot of information.
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You wanna simplify things where you can but you also wanna make
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that you still preserve enough in there for the personalization.
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People are more diverse than they've ever been and populations are so
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you need to make sure that you have appropriate flexibility but you've
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simplified the decision making where possible.
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Two, and one of the easiest ways and best ways to get there, is by using those
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defaults that we've talked so much about. That's a really powerful capability
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because it doesn't
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prevent the user from making the decision but it helps them by getting
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them started in the process, they still maintain the choice that's
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there for them.
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The third piece, if you're in a region like B.C.
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or somewhere that allows it, or where there's opportunities, looking into auto
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escalation programs. Those are just really powerful because again, you
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can get people to the place where they need to be over
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time and you can help them do that in an automated way through
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setting it up up front. I'd say that's sort of maybe the first piece,
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considering that you're designing for humans, for workers, and taking
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into account some of those things to help support them there.
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Two, is you really want to think about meeting employees where they are, that's
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part of the communicate, communicate, communicate, but you want to make sure
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that you're getting the message out to them where they are but that you are
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also giving them the things that they need.
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You may want to help them on the retirement but if they're so focused just on
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the emergency savings piece or if that's a pressing issue, see if there's a way
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that you can support both of those options through helping
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them with some of those near term needs as you build towards the long erm
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as well.
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And leveraging things like the Tax-Free Savings Account, the FHSA, thinking
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about flexible design programs, start thinking about how this can
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better support your employees long term.
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Last but not least would be the investment menu, more specifically the target
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date fund review, revisiting.
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The glide path design, does it align with your beliefs, essentially, when we
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think about risk management and the realities
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of Canadians. Again, how and when are they retiring and does
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the glide path align with your employee population.
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Risk reduction, when is it happening?
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When are we starting to decrease, is it too early, too late?
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Last but not least, you mentioned that as well, longevity and
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inflation. How is that taken into consideration within the target date
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fund option?
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Lots of big messages here, any last words before
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we close?
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Overall, I think there are a number of key principles that I was sharing
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today. Even though they're implemented in the US, taking
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some of the core nuggets of the behavioural elements, those often
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are fluid across borders.
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Take some of those learnings from the system and consider them for your own
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plan is often a good place to get started.
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Ultimately, better design whether inside or around the plan will lead to better
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results and outcomes.
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Thanks for joining us. If you'd like to learn more please do reach out for the
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full report.
The opinions expressed in this webcast reflect those of the presenter(s) (or speakers(s)) and do not necessarily represent the views of Fidelity or any other person in the Fidelity organization. These opinions are subject to change at any time based upon market or other conditions and we disclaim any responsibility to update such views. Views are presented as of the date of this presentation and references to time periods (e.g., yesterday, this week) should be understood in that context. These views should not be relied on as investment advice and because investment decisions are based on numerous factors, may not be relied on as an indication of trading intent on behalf of any Fidelity product. Fidelity does not provide legal or tax advice, and you are encouraged to consult your own lawyer, accountant, or other advisor before making any financial decision. Information presented herein is for discussion and illustrative purposes only and is not a recommendation or an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.